Garden city movement Ī diagram of Howard's planned Social City.
In London and its surrounding suburbs, cooperation between these two entities created a network of new communities clustered around the expanding rail system.
In keeping with the rising power of industry, the source of the planning authority in the Sanitary movement included both traditional governmental offices and private development corporations. During this period, advocates such as Charles Booth argued for central organized, top-down solutions to the problems of industrializing cities. Sanitary movement Īlthough it can be seen as an extension of the sort of civic pragmatism seen in Oglethorpe's plan for Savannah or William Penn's plan for Philadelphia, the roots of the rational planning movement lie in Britain's Sanitary movement (1800–1890). Similarly, the theory of urban planning was mainly interested in visionary planning and design which would demonstrate how the ideal city should be organised spatially. This kind of planning was physicalist and design-orientated, and involved the production of masterplans and blueprints which would show precisely what the 'end-state' of land use should be, similar to architectural and engineering plans. Therefore, it was seen as related to architecture and civil engineering, and thereby to be carried out by such experts. Since at least the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment, urban planning had generally been assumed to be the physical planning and design of human communities. Sustainable architecture involves renewable materials and energy sources and is increasing in importance as an environmentally friendly solution Blueprint planning In the late 20th century, the term sustainable development has come to represent an ideal outcome in the sum of all planning goals. The new imagined urban form was meant to go hand-in-hand with a new society, based upon voluntary co-operation within self-governing communities.
Many of the early influencers were inspired by anarchism, which was popular in the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The modern origins of urban planning lie in the movement for urban reform that arose as a reaction against the disorder of the industrial city in the mid-19th century. All in all, urban planning exists in various forms and addresses many different issues. Alternatively, it can concern the massive challenges associated with urban growth, particularly in the Global South. Urban planning can include urban renewal, by adapting urban planning methods to existing cities suffering from decline.
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